In industrial Polyester Staple Fiber (PSF) , two grades that are frequently mentioned are NA Grade  and SA Grade . Because these grades are not based on international standards , but rather on market-based grading practices , their exact meanings are often difficult to understand clearly. In this post, we will take a closer look at the differences between NA Grade and SA Grade in polyester staple fiber . What are NA and SA? SA Grade (Super A Grade) SA  stands for Super A Grad

Geotextiles are essential structural materials widely used in various infrastructure applications such as roads, railways, drainage systems, soft ground reinforcement, and erosion control. The performance of nonwoven geotextiles is largely determined by the type of fiber used as the raw material. Currently, the two most widely used materials in the market are polyester staple fiber (PET)  and polypropylene fiber (PP) . Due to their significantly different physical and chemica

In the industrial fiber market, many buyers request tensile‐strength data in different measurement units. Europe primarily uses cN/tex , while the U.S. and many Asian countries rely on cN/den , which often leads to confusion because the same fiber can appear different depending on the notation system. In this post, we clearly explain the conversion formula between cN/tex  and cN/den , along with the regions where each measurement unit is commonly used. Basic Concepts of cN/te

Geotextiles used in various civil engineering fields—such as roads, railways, and dams—require long-term stability and durability. Therefore, selecting the appropriate nonwoven fiber material for geotextiles is crucial, as it directly affects construction quality and performance. The two main materials used for geotextile nonwovens are polyester fiber (PET) and polypropylene fiber (PP). While both are widely utilized in geotextile nonwovens, the adoption of polyester fibers

In the nonwoven industry, Low Melt Polyester Fiber (LM fiber) plays a critical role in determining the structural strength and bonding performance of the final product. In applications such as PET-based acoustic insulation, thermal insulation, industrial filtration media, and geotextiles, the quality and specifications of LM fiber directly influence durability, dimensional stability, and overall product integrity. But why is LM fiber commonly produced in a 4 denier (4D) finen

With the recent growth of eco-friendly interior design and office acoustic improvement markets,PET Acoustic Panels have become one of the most prominent nonwoven products. However, not all panels made from PET material exhibit high sound absorption performance. In this post, we will explore which specifications of PET acoustic pads deliver the best sound absorption efficiency. Density The density of PET acoustic pads is a critical factor that determines both sound absorption

In the nonwoven industry, the carding machine  is often referred to as the heart of the production line . It plays a critical role in aligning fibers and forming them into a uniform web, directly influencing the thickness, density, uniformity, and strength  of the final product. In this post, we will take a closer look at the principles of the carding machine and introduce leading carding machine manufacturers  in the industry. What Is a Carding Machine? A carding machine  is

HCS (Hollow Conjugated Silicone) fiber offers high loft and excellent resilience, allowing for superior thermal insulation even at low weight. For this reason, it is widely used as a filling or insulating nonwoven material in cold-weather apparel. In this post, we will outline the manufacturing process of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics using HCS polyester fiber , focusing on the process flow and equipment specifications —including carding, web formation, needle punching, and

Nonwoven is a sheet-type material made by bonding fibers physically or thermally without spinning or weaving processes. Interestingly, even when made from the same raw materials, its strength and elongation vary depending on the direction in which it is pulled. At this point, two important reference terms are used: MD (Machine Direction)  and CD (Cross Direction) . In this post, we will take a closer look at MD and CD. MD (Machine Direction) – The direction along the producti

Nonwoven fabrics are industrial materials manufactured by mechanically or thermally bonding fibers without weaving them into yarns. In this process, the structural strength and physical properties of nonwovens can vary significantly depending on the ratio of binder fibers. In this article, we will examine how the content of low-melting-point polyester binder fibers affects the thickness, density, and tensile strength of nonwovens. The role of binder fibers Binder fibers (low-

In the textile industry, blending natural and synthetic fibers is an essential strategy to enhance yarn performance and secure price...

In the high-end apparel market, natural fibers such as wool  hold an important position. Wool offers a luxurious texture and excellent warmth, but it also comes with drawbacks in terms of cost and durability. To overcome these limitations, wool + polyester blended yarns  were introduced. Polyester fibers, thanks to their durability and cost competitiveness, are the most widely used synthetic fibers in the global textile industry. In this article, we will review the basic char

Polyester fiber  is the most widely used synthetic fiber in the global textile industry due to its high durability, cost-effectiveness,...

Nonwoven fabrics for wadding are widely used in products where warmth and cushioning are important, such as quilts, mattresses, sofas,...

Nonwoven geotextiles used in civil engineering and construction projects are essential materials that ensure the stability of various...

In civil engineering and construction, nonwoven geotextile fabrics  play a critical role in ensuring the stability of structures such as...

When evaluating the performance of fibers, there are two physical properties that are most frequently mentioned. They are tensile...

Wadding is a nonwoven fabric that has a great impact on the feel, volume, and heat retention of a product. Therefore, the properties of...

Polyester staple fibers, which are used in various industrial fields such as nonwoven fabrics, spun yarns, and filling materials, go...

Needle Punch method nonwoven fabrics are increasingly being used in various industrial fields such as automotive interior materials,...